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Which technical and political challenges will 
we face for the deployment of new energy generation technologies?


Statement
Round Table:  Sustainable Energy Solutions for Mankind and the Planet
09:00-10:30; September 15, 2010
Palais de Congress, Montreal, Canada

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Well, as we all know, the past several hundred years can be described as the fossil fuel era. That era is slowly, but surely, giving way to an era in which the development of new energy sources will continue to pick up momentum. I see these energy sources first supplementing and then replacing conventional fossil fuels.

 
And when I speak of new energy sources, I’m including things like fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)--which were once only the dreams of researchers and now are already in the consumer test phases.
 
However, it is only realistic to expect that fossil fuels as the primary sources of energy will be with us for the next few decades at least.
 
Further, we have to be realistic about what it will cost for the research, development, and provision of renewable energy options.
 
Because of the enormity of the challenge, I cannot see any of this happening without a public-private partnership with contributions from both government and the private sector in terms of policy, laws and regulations, and funding.
 
And, just as important: we have to create a consensus that while the situation is serious, this is a marvelous opportunity to really utilize all that is best in human nature.
 
As far as the technical challenges go, we all know that the improvement of new and renewable energy is being led by developed countries. Renewable energy currently comprises only 6 to 7 percent of the world’s total energy mix. Thus, without government price incentives renewable energy cannot compete with fossil fuels in terms of cost. 
 
Experts predict that “grid parity” between fossil fuels and solar and wind is possible within a few years. (“Grid parity” is the point at which alternative means of generating electricity is equal in cost, or cheaper than grid power.) However, price competitiveness is expected to take a much longer time.
 
Another factor to consider is what we can learn from the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It’s an environmental disaster and shows what happens when human error is compounded by an unreliable fossil fuel source. More than ever, all this points to the need for a breakthrough from renewable energy.
 
Further, there is gap in technology between developed and developing countries.  
 
Much of the technological development is occurring in countries like Germany, Sweden or The Netherlands, while developing countries, without the resources to invest in R&D, are being left behind. 
 
We all know how serious these problems are, so we’re left with two issues: One, how quickly we can make new and renewable energy sources competitive price-wise, and two, how will it be possible to close the technological gap between developed and developing countries.
 
The political challenges are no less daunting. 
 
One question is whether or not governments are prepared to develop long-term financing methods for development and distribution of renewable energy.
 
As we all well know, governments—including OECD countries—face financial crises of varying degrees.
 
If governments implement tight fiscal policies and the support for renewable energy is reduced, then we face stark challenges to the goals of
--increasing energy efficiency, and
--reducing carbon emissions
 
And, ultimately this could mean that the goal of attaining price competitiveness between renewable energy and fossil fuels could become even more distant.
 
If I may turn to the case of my own country, Korea, in the last five years the Korean government has increased spending on the provision of renewable energy from 300 million US dollars to 600 hundred million US dollars. 
 
Yet, despite this effort, during the same period of time the percentage of renewable energy in the total energy mix in Korea increased just slightly from 2.13 percent to 2.60 percent. The plan is to increase this percentage to 3.78 percent by 2013 and to 6.08 percent by 2020. 
 
In order to do this, an enormous amount of money needs to be spent. Achieving grid parity will be extremely difficult without increasing government fiscal support.
 
All governments face the challenge of not only providing the budget for renewable energy, but also ensuring that these funds are used in a manner that does not threaten the overall health of their economies. 
 
Up until now, in many countries the public and private sectors have shared the costs and risks in the development and provision of renewable energy. 
 
Yet in this process the individual has not taken an active role. Instead individual citizens have been the bystanders.
 
I believe that this is not so much a matter of the individual avoiding his or her responsibilities so much as a lack of, what shall I say, courage, in informing the public and involving them as responsible members of the community.
 
In fact, even now many governments—with an eye on voter sentiment--have policies that artificially keep fossil fuel prices low. In order to reflect present and future market realities, we’ll need incredibly strong political will. 
 
We must move beyond political interests and undertake what is necessary to ensure our common future.
 
In short, we must have the courage to ask citizens to make sacrifices and accept some inconveniences as we overcome these technical and political challenges.
 
 
 
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